Due to the low cost and ease of deployment,
wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are emerging as sensing paradigms that the
structural engineering field has begun to consider as substitutes for
traditional tethered structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. Different from
other applications of WSNs such as environmental monitoring, SHM applications
are much more data intensive and it is not feasible to stream the raw data back
to the server due to the severe bandwidth and energy limitations of low-power
sensor networks. In-network processing is a promising approach to address this
problem but designing distributed versions for the sophisticated SHM algorithms
is much more challenging because SHM algorithms are computationally intensive,
and involve data-level collaboration of multiple sensors. In this paper, we
select a classical SHM algorithm the eigen-system realization algorithm (ERA),
and propose a few distributed ERAs suitable for WSNs. In particular, we first
design a method to incrementally calculate the ERA and then propose three
schemes upon which the incremental ERA can be carried out along a Hamiltonian
path, along a path in the minimum connected dominating set (MCDS) and along the
shortest path tree (SPT). The efficacy of these schemes are demonstrated and
compared through both simulation and experiment. We believe the proposed
schemes can also serve as a guideline when applying WSNs for other applications
like SHM which are also data-intensive and involve sophisticated signal
processing of collected information
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