Future large-scale deployment of plug-in hybrid
electric vehicles (PHEVs) will render massive energy demand on the electric
grid during peak-hours. We propose an intelligent distributed dynamic pricing
(D2P) mechanism for the charging of PHEVs in a smart grid architecture — an
effort towards optimizing the energy consumption profile of PHEVs users. Each micro-grid
decides real-time dynamic price as home-price and roaming-price, depending on
the supply-demand curve, to optimize its revenue. Consequently, two types of
energy services are considered — home micro-grid energy, and foreign micro grid
energy. After designing the PHEVs’ mobility and battery models, the pricing
policies for the home-price and the roaming price are presented. A decision
making process to implement a cost-effective charging and discharging method
for PHEVs is also demonstrated based on the real-time price decided by the
micro-grids. We evaluate and compare the results of distributed pricing policy
with other existing centralized distributed ones. Simulation results show that
using the proposed architecture, the utility corresponding to the PHEVs
increases by approximately 34% over that of the existing ones for optimal
charging of PHEVs
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