The ubiquity of cloud
applications requires the meticulous design of cloud networks with high quality
of service, low costs, and low CO2 emissions. This paper presents a planning
problem and an extremely efficient tabu search heuristic for optimizing the
locations of cloud data centers and software components while simultaneously
finding the information routing and network link capacities. The objectives are
to optimize the network performance, the CO2 emissions, the capital
expenditures (CAPEX), and the operational expenditures (OPEX). The problem is
modeled using a mixed-integer programming model and solved with both an
optimization solver and a tabu search heuristic. A case study of a web search
engine is presented to explain and optimize the different aspects, showing how
planners can use the model to direct the optimization and find the best
solutions. The efficiency of the tabu search algorithm is presented for
networks with up to 500 access nodes and 1,000 potential data center locations
distributed around the globe.
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